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PostPosted: Tue 16:08, 22 Mar 2011    Post subject: ugg boots günstig 损伤&#246

损伤性尿道断裂,狭窄和闭锁167例临床分析
裂的急诊处理应根据受伤机制、断裂部位及伤员的伤势情况综合考虑:(1)单纯膀胱造瘘:该法简单易行,但只转流尿液,未清除血肿及引流尿外渗,感染率相对高,尿道断端间形成瘢痕较大,增加l期手术难度],只适用于病情极其严重的病例或无手术条件的医院。(2)尿道修补吻合术:可恢复尿道的连续性,术后尿流通畅率高,但需采取截石位,术野深,局部组织损伤及血肿明显,可加重骨盆骨折的移位,加重组织、神经的损伤,技术要求较高,一般基层医院难以掌握,不适合于多发骨折或伴有其他脏器复舍伤的重伤患者,但用于病情轻的单纯的前尿道损伤患者,疗效好。(3)尿道会师导尿管牵引+耻骨上膀胱造瘘术:本组58例急性前、后尿道断裂伤者采用该术式,47倒排尿通畅(81)。我们的体会:(1)术中能清除耻骨后间隙血肿和碎骨片、引流尿外渗,将错位耻骨联合复位,以减少骨折断端对尿道的压迫和感染机会,预防大块瘢痕组织的产生。(2)气囊导尿管置入膀胱后加压牵引并经耻骨后和直肠触摸、指压膀胱颈部,尽可能使尿道两断端在同一平面,无张力无扭曲靠拢对台,然后用两条约2cm宽的胶布呈“状将导尿管牵引固定于大腿内侧,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],术后经常经直肠触膜尿道,根据前列腺上浮情况,调整导尿管牵引力,减少瘢痕形成。(3)持续牵引3~4周,利于组织再生,4周后待从炎症消退期进入狭窄期],可松开牵引,5周时拔管。每天2次呋哺西林液保留膀胱灌洗,并挤出尿道内分泌物,经尿道外口滴入抗生素,减少感染。(4)尿道会师时,动作要轻巧、简便,防止加重损伤,拔管后应坚持尿道扩张。本组认为尿道会师操作简单,易于掌握和推广。文献亦报告,该术式对尿道“复位”效果良好-,即使术后狭窄,亦便于l期DVIU的方法。陈旧性尿道狭窄和闭锁的治疗,DVIU是目前·56·较好的术式。我们体会:(1)当导丝不能通过尿道驮窄和闭锁段时,应撩前述方法,在食指伸入直肠指引下切开或扩开瘢痕,将导丝引入膀胱,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],切忌盲目内切,造成假道;(2)当狭窄段较长时,助手食指伸入直肠作指引,使尿道镜与尿道的长鞋保持一致并在同一平面时,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],沿导丝逐步将瘢痕切开,尤其在耻骨下弯曲部作内切时,要避免假道形成和海绵体的损伤}(3)当狭窄或闭锁段>0.5cm时,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],切开之尿道瘢痕组织须用电切环充分切除,长度应不超过搬痕组织远近段,尿道内腔隙略大于两端相邻尿道的口径为适当切除深度;(4)尿道损伤后出现狭窄或闭锁后,应在3~6月内行DVIU,不要长时间等待和无休止地行尿道扩张,反复尿扩易导致假道和感染;(5)术后置管时间应根据尿道狭窄的长度、切除赧痕彻底程度和手术方式而定],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]。一般为3~5周,狭窄长度<1cm,可置管3周;>2cm,置管时间应>4周。医源性尿道狭窄和闭锁的治疗,文献报道[6主张用开放性手术治疗,本组有8例为前列腺摘除术后尿道内口膜状狭窄,21例为尿道套石、取石所致,均经一次DVIU治愈,避免了老年体弱患者再次开放性手术。
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