Forum pracy nad projektem wskrzeszenia The Forge

[lin91957]

Experimental Study of Check Dam


Summary: Plateau dam building and experience the great achievements, is inseparable from scientific research. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, from the practice of working people created in the production of slope terracing, water conservation measures such as gully dam Silting since its pilot study phase operation also born ...... Key words: Study Dam Dam building in the Loess Plateau's tremendous achievements and experience, is inseparable from scientific research. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, from the practice of working people created in the production of slope terracing, water conservation measures such as gully dam Silting since its pilot phase transport research also born. Republic of China and the early years of national authorities to promote the construction of the dam were to carry out scientific research from the start, first, to establish research institutions. Water expert Mr. Li Yizhi in 1927, construction of check dam in the proposed channel, control gully expansion and reduce the technical solution into the yellow sand, as the Yellow River in an important component of the strategy implemented. 40 years of the 20th century, the National Government Agriculture and Forestry and the Yellow River Water Resources Council, has set up in Tianshui and Xian test soil and water conservation district, soil and water conservation research. Investment by the state in 1945, Yellow River Water Resources Soil and Water Conservation will test Guanzhong area in the outskirts of Jing Xian on Yingyugou River Chlh-kou silt dam construction to remain a control drainage area of 2.6 km2, earth 20,000 m3, is the first Yellow River \government-run \After the founding of the PRC, with the development of soil and water conservation, water conservation research institutions to develop accordingly. On this basis, according to the operational needs of each period, to test, demonstration and spreading the combination of laboratory and field tests combined with the teaching units and business management departments in different forms such as joint research, scientific research, in-channel erosion mechanism of the plan and layout, design technology, construction technology,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], monitoring technology, management techniques and basic theory and application of new technologies, new methods, new technology development, and achieved a great deal of research results. Founding of New China, the Loess Plateau research institutes and business management departments, in the basis of summing up historical experience, the dams Silting as an important soil and water conservation engineering measures, the positive test, demonstration,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], promotion, the development process has gone through four stages: - pilot demonstration phase (1949-1957) since 1949, the trial Mizhi County dam repair. Water Conservation Station in 1952 after the establishment of Suide to Suide, Mizhi, JIAXIAN,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], wubu focus on four counties in the pilot area, actively promote repair dam Silting, dam 214 within two years, the general height of 5 - 10m, a single control area of 0.5 km2 less dam. After 1953, in Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Mongolia have large area, dam Silting technology is universal. Xifeng Soil and Water Conservation Station also laid stress on Plateau pilot governance and gully control and promotion, created Nanxiaohegou 18 acres of Taiwan gully dam. - Large development stage (1959-1980) successful trial of the former stage, so that people see the benefits of dams. Dam built to channel the center of basic farmland, the dam construction, technological innovations are vigorously around and tools the reform, more use of blow loose soil, tractor rolled, gun red soil, the water poured soil and water fall Law dam technology, a breakthrough was made dam, dam work efficiency improved several times, the cost significantly. 1968 to 1980, only 12 years, dam 27 600 Meditation can Silting 33000 hm2. Shaanxi Yulin, Yan'an 1973-1975 to 17.6 million mu of new dams; Shanxi Province, 11 years 1970-1980 to account for 1949-1987 new year, new dam dam to 50.6%; Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Huangfuchuan basin, 70 years The dam repair accounted for 61.7% of the total number of check dam. But this time, some areas had appeared in the dam Silting not tend to act in accordance with laws of nature, engineering design unreasonable construction of poor quality. Storm twice in 1977-1978, this part of the project in varying degrees of destruction losing. However, the development of this period the number of check dam, dam system layout and construction of a major breakthrough in technology than in the past, and in intercepting sediment, Silting, yield on the effectiveness of Zhuo. - Gully key projects to support the new stage of Dam (1981-1992) this period, although the dam construction slowed faster than 70 years, but the dam construction technology, and efficiency is further increase. Conscientiously sum up around the dam Silting 30 years experience and lessons of the dam's dam system planning, engineering structures, design standards and flood safety and flood control collection, the order and size of dam, Lan Hong sludge water production combined land and water dam efficient use of resources, production management and other aspects of the repair and maintenance of extensive research, achieved important results, including the \Since 1986, by the State Planning Commission approved the project, started in the Yellow River area in Sandy Gully special construction of key projects. Because of the formal design, storage capacity is relatively large (greater than 500 000 m3), not only intercepting sediment reservoir capacity, but also flood control capacity. Therefore, to play, \1986-2002, a total of about 1500 construction of key projects, silt into the dam to 320 thousand hm2, protection of River Terrace 18700 hm2. Western Shanxi, Shaanxi and developed some good small building Dam Watershed Dam has been formed, and some have been close to the relatively stable. - Relative stability of dam-building research stage into the mid 90's, the national \\Department of Water and Soil Resources, dam operation and management mechanism, dam monitoring technology, research, and will further expand the study area and areas. Study leading scientific decision-making, establishing \Currently, the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province initially built baota Nianzhuanggou, sunny Shanxi Lishi County, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan Zhungeer palm groove, Gansu Province Huacha, Xiji niejiahe as the representative of a a large number of Small Watershed Dam, construction of the dam system has played an active role in the typical model. ? Content in the experimental study, after decades of scientific and technological personnel of the hard work of Sediment Reduction in the corrosion mechanism of check dam, dam system planning, dam database design, construction, management, conservation, new technology applications made a lot of scientific research,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the Loess Plateau of dam-building technology has played a supporting role. - Dam sediment retaining cavitation mechanism study, made clear the gully in the middle and sediment rules of decision-making for the leadership of the scientific data 20 80 century since the National Natural Science Foundation of Ministry of Water Resources Water Shakey Gold, Yellow River Water Resources Council and Water Conservation Fund have launched dragon river water and sediment analysis, including the role of Sediment Reduction and Erosion of check dam is a very important part. Laid stress on small watershed sediment changes, check dam Water and Sediment Reduction cavitation effects and benefits of calculation method, and the runoff and sediment analysis of regional and trend forecast. Check dam in the role of water and sediment reduction, measured from a large number of investigations, are of Sediment per hectare dam to dam height varies with the amount, the higher the unit area of dam sediment retaining dam in the larger volume; through the River Dragon interval of 21 tributaries, dam and sediment reduction and water conservation measures to reduce sediment accounted for 42% -80% volume, sediment reduction benefits of Sediment Dam is the other water conservation measures can not be compared; dam with elevated baseline surface, to prevent channel incision and gully bank in the collapse of the expanded role. According to Xifeng Soil and Water Conservation standing Nanxiaohegou observations, mainly from the ditch of the sediment under the bed all the red clay slip and the collapse of diarrhea, which accounts for the whole basin erosion sediment yield of 25.5% and 60%; Xionggui Shu and other tributaries to use analysis of population data station Cho Grottoes Wudinghe library cavitation dam above the amount of erosion reduction by its multi-year average sediment load of about 20.8%. Visible dam bank erosion reduction is significant - the layout of dam system, so that dam-building step by step into standardized, scientific, and regionalization of the track dam Dam construction plan is planning. Dam construction in the main implication is that in a small basin, planning the construction of \to row, to sand to silt, plant safety. Around the Dam construction, scientific research units around the principles in the planning, engineering structure, reasonable layout, dam density, flood regulation, and has carried out research. In 1959, water conservation stand Suide Jiuyuangou watershed dam construction, it will be a sub-channel in the main dam and the waist dam dam, blocking the upstream flood protection dam in safety. At this time start with \ Since then, the increase with the dam, dam safety and flood control close to the issue more and more prominent, and in 1961,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Suide Dams and Water Conservation standing Wang Mao watershed for more flood control dam to ensure revenue Test , there consciously dam system planning. Dam plan put forward the principle of \white, has exclusive combination of \In 1970, because of the falling water dam technology promotion, dam to a new stage, dam increase. Layout of Dam Dam Dam in Mao-groove layout, based on around the light of reality, has carried out various forms of planning and research work of Dam. The late seventies, continuous rainfall in the Middle Yellow River flood destroyed dam incident, dam construction in the summing up two decades of experience and lessons of the flood damaged dam based on the proposed dam system should be controlled to increase the backbone of Silting dam (that is, what was the backbone of dam), 1979 to Mao-ditch Dam Planning Principles to \sediment retaining the combination of production, \the detention basin emptying; again, reflecting the aim of building dam system is the long term flood control, sediment retaining and production efficiency in order to achieve relatively stable. Into the eighties, the Dam of the construction of solid models, lessons learned into the main stage of mainly theoretical research. In 1983, Suide station orthogonal test method, the cloth on the Small Watershed Dam dam density, location of key dam, outlet structures form (structure and composition), playing dam and dam and time intervals in order to optimize the study; 1987 Yellow River Water Resources and Water Conservation Fund will be the first to study the proposed western Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia, Gansu, various types of Haidong District Small Watersheds overall layout planning methods; a comprehensive summary of the Wuding River Basin for over 40 years Large dam construction experience, for the first time developed a set of database, model base, graphics library and the expert system as one of Wu Ding-he gully harness key engineering decision-making; nineties, using non-linear planning Jishu Yi Dam Gaoduo and the dam time to optimize the planning of decision variables, Northwest Agricultural University of Sediment dam to dam, flood detention dam to decision variables, optimization of the Dam conducted; In addition, Shanxi Water Conservation has been the area. At the same time, national research project on August 5 and the Yellow River Soil and Water Conservation Research Fund, has set topics relative stability of dam experimental study, combining the research established the Yulin ditch Jiuyuangou solid model. Dam safety and flood control study income, Suide station in 1979-1985 in the five loess Wang Mao ditch and dam system, close observation for Dam flood control test, by analyzing the sum obtained in the erosion model number of 1.8-2.0 million t/km2 areas, dam area of the drainage area is relatively stable indicators of 1 / 20, dam to tall crops, submergence depth of not more than 0.8m, submergence time is 5-7 days, resistant silt thickness of not more than 0.3m / times. Water Conservation in Shanxi Province in the early 90s, had been received artificial flood control test, its findings close to the aforementioned basic indicators. These results are planning for the dam foundation and in-depth research.
More articles related to topics：


[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]

[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]

[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]