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International and domestic construction project cost management analysis


Abstract: In China, the current construction project cost management analysis, based on project cost management in China is discussed the development trend of China's full accession to WTO management of the project cost after the new requirements and the current outstanding cost management hot issues, and international cost management practices and characteristics of the Western developed countries. The light of actual conditions, proposed construction project cost management reform in China's countermeasures.
With the rapid development of science and technology and China's full accession to WTO, will become increasingly fierce international competition, cost management of construction projects where the development will be, what measures must be taken to meet the advent of economic globalization and sustainable construction development?
Project Cost Management There are 2 management, cost management capital projects first, and second, price management project. Investment costs of construction management are areas of investment management,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], construction project management is the meaning of investment costs, in order to achieve investment targets, in the formulation of planning, design conditions, forecast, calculation, and to identify and monitor changes in project cost system activity. This means not only covers the micro management of the project investment costs, but also covers the cost of the macro-level investment management. Project management price management price-category. In the socialist market economy, price control under the conditions of sub-two levels: First, the micro-level enterprises in the grasp of market price information based on management objectives and to achieve cost control, pricing, pricing and bidding system activity . It reflects the price movement dominated by the main micro-economic laws of commodity prices for dynamic planning, forecasting, monitoring and adjustment, and accept the price adjustment of production. Second, at the macro level, the Government under the requirements of social and economic development, the use of legal means, economic means and administrative measures to manage and control the price, and the management practices of market players through the market price behavior of the system activity.
1, the status of project cost management at home and abroad, models and features
1.1 Status of Project Cost Management
The traditional planned economy period in the construction industry is not considered to be independent of the material production sectors, in construction cost management, the use of administrative management plan pricing, so people do not have enough of the project cost management attention, construction Cost is often the basis for the determination of prices and administrative provisions of plan preparation. With the development of China's reform and opening up and socialist market economy system, construction project management has been a great shock to open the door to go out, the introduction of advanced science and management, people began to re-know more about the project cost management issues. Since the implementation of the budget estimate of quota management model, a common problem is the construction cost is difficult to be objective and true reflection of ultra-budget estimates, budget over budget and final accounts, within budget, plans to invest in the project breaking everywhere. As the project identified a lack of investment in scientific and rational, leading to many problems in project implementation.
The third plenary session, along with the deepening of economic reform and opening-up policy, as well as the establishment of socialist market economic system began to establish a sound socialist market economy suitable for the development of project cost management system and mode of management of the project cost tends to scientific and rational. However, our project cost management system has been adopted the Soviet model, is to adapt the planned economy model management system, has been meeting market economic development, and lags far behind Western countries. The purpose of project cost management reform is to establish the socialist market economic system to adapt to the necessary, with Chinese characteristics, the new project cost management system, there are still many issues to be resolved, affecting construction project cost management factors play a role in normal the following aspects: First, ignore the price mechanism, excessive administrative intervention. The second is long-planned economic system and a single financial investment channels. Third, cut the price of construction cost and circulation links. Fourth, the lack of information processing and transmission. Five is the responsibility of investors is not fully completed. Sixth, a serious lack of practitioners in the field. All of these have resulted in a lower project cost management talent, a serious impediment to the development of project cost management.
1.2 Construction Cost Management of foreign models and features
From the current data analysis, project cost management model is not uniform in different regions have different ways and forms of management, so the WTO does not allow each member to accept any form of them. With the development of the international construction industry, construction cost management in developed countries in scientific, standardized, and procedures of orbit, has formed a number of good international practice. United States, Britain, Japan and Germany and other countries in the project cost management, the actual situation with national, established a more scientific, rigorous, sound management system, through the development of practical approaches, the project cost from the tender offer to implement after winning the to get the whole process of control and management. The successful experience in construction project cost management can learn from the reform.
(1) U.S. project cost management. The current project cost consists of 2 parts. First, the cost of business owners, known as soft costs, including raising the funds needed basis, equipment purchase and reserve funds, land acquisition and relocation compensation, financial expenses, taxes and various other early expenses. Second, design consulting firm commissioned by the owner or general contractor Construction Engineering Company have been prepared on the basis of the actual cost of construction, commonly known as hard costs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including construction of the necessary work, materials, machine consumption royalties, on-site employer representative and construction management staff salaries, office and other miscellaneous costs, the contractor on-site cost of living and production facilities, all kinds of insurance, taxes, unforeseen fees. In addition the contractor's profit Jian project cost usually accounts for 5% to 15%, the owners commissioned a consulting firm through the construction phase of the project cost to achieve the whole process of management. Uniform pricing based on the United States and standards, is a typical market price. Engineering estimates, budget, labor, materials and machinery consumption norms, not by the government organizations to develop, but several large areas by the guilds (associations) organizations, the accumulation of construction enterprises in accordance with the information and the actual situation in the region, According to the project structure, material type, decoration methods to work out the consumption of square feet of building area and the base price, and as a basis for computer data input, to the market. These data, while not mandatory government regulations, but because based on science, accuracy, impartiality and on the basis of the actual engineering data that can reflect the actual situation, generally accepted by society, and can be implemented smoothly. Therefore, the project cost pricing by the advisory body to develop the main unit of floor area consumption, the base price and cost estimates formats,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], both on contract transactions through a market to determine project cost.
(2) Project Cost Management. Project cost management has a long history, after centuries of practice, the formation of a full British uniform rules of standard measurement of quantities (SMM) and project cost management system, the formation of the project cost management, a scientific and standardized influential independent professional. Government investment projects according to different categories by the financial sector standards and the cost of project construction standards, and to consider the impact of inflation on the cost of determining the amount of investment approved by the building departments in the size and amount of investment within the organization and implementation, not a breakthrough. Private investment projects for the government does not intervene, investors typically invest in intermediary organizations commissioned estimates. UK non-uniform scale, engineering calculation rules for all parties to become involved in construction projects to abide by the measurement, valuation of the basic rules, the tender offer in principle, quantities, unit price contract (ie the BQ method). Project Cost Control in the UK throughout the project, design, tendering, contracting, and construction of the whole process of settlement, the investment in the context of the established phase of work with the deepening of the schedule, quality, cost targets are achieved.
(3) project cost management in Japan. Project cost management of the implementation of the whole process, from the investigation stage, the planning phase, design phase, construction phase,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], supervision and inspection and completion until the warranty period are strictly managed. Branch of Architectural Institute of Japan plans to work out the cost of construction sub-segment of the Japanese scale, manual preparation of the project cost estimates, and changes according to fluctuations in market prices for regular changes, the implementation of dynamic management. Investment control can be roughly divided into three stages: First, the feasibility study stage. According to the project plan and construction standards, development and investment program development scale, and analogy according to the prevailing market price of project cost and to adjust and control. Second, the design stage. The feasibility study stage by the program design, preparation of project budget, to keep investment in the scheme. After completion of construction drawings,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], preparation of project budget, compared with the estimates. If the above estimates, the modified design, lowering of standards, so that investment at the original plan. Third, the construction in strict accordance with the drawings, the amount of accounting work to develop materials supply planning and cost control and construction management to ensure completion of final accounts within the budget control of the project. Relevant departments of the Government of Japan to invest in public buildings, government buildings, sports facilities, schools, hospitals, apartments and other projects, in addition to the unified organization responsible for the preparation and release to determine the project cost based pricing, but also on the public construction project cost the implementation of the direct management of the whole process of implementation.
(4) project cost management in Germany. Any construction project, whether the government or private investment projects on project management, throughout the whole process of quality, schedule and cost control. Reasonable scientific basis to determine the project cost, the implementation of dynamic management and control, as long as the investment project is determined (by the Government for approval for government projects, private projects approved by the Employer), in the implementation process must be strictly in accordance with the implementation of investment estimation, can not be modified and breakthroughs.
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