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Ocean polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts Review of mineral materials (I)


Characteristics as the removal of metal catalysts in oil refining residue research. The results show that the catalyst with higher metal removal rate obtained (70% -90%), and the relatively small output of coke and gas. Removal of Ni and V is the kinetic process related to a response to its content. Metal removal rate depends on the feedstock, ie a compound asphaltene content was proportional relationship. The temperature range in the study (8oo ~ 920. F) Ni and v similar removal speed. The Institute of rate constant and activation energy obtained by previous researchers with the use of pure compounds by thermal decomposition for Ni and V compounds, porphyrin results obtained in good agreement. YanTsoungYuanC6oJ of non-hydrogenated oil residue enrichment. In the absence of external hydrogen, at high temperatures , with high fluid output by the treatment of solid matrix, can effectively improve the furnace gas residue grade, to conform to cracking furnace feedstock requirements. At 850-900. F and 1 ~ 2hI1 processing conditions, the metals and carbon residue reduction rates were 95% and 80% to 85%. Oil 2003.9 at lower catalyst ratio of 11 Metallic Ore Dressing Abroad,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the residues in the N removal efficiency greater than 70%, but with the oil / catalyst ratio increases rapidly decreased. Although the removal of S and N depend on the nature and surface area of substrate, and the removal of metals and carbon residue is irrelevant. Metal oxides in the matrix S does not help the removal of liquid products, and to compound the presence of water vapor concentration on the whole process has a negative impact. The presence of manganese nodules in the seabed, with H, or a mixture of CO and water treatment can make coal liquefaction 【6 River. Sea manganese nodules of the method used for cleaning and broken by the direct application or after curing. Sturgeon Bay to Lake Michigan manganese nodules as a catalyst, can produced in the liquefaction of coal in Wyoming, 85%, and in which the metal can be recovered from the catalyst. VarghesePhilip 【6J studies have shown that the catalyst in a situation with manganese nodules, through the proton donor solvent extraction method, ≥ 100. F and the gauge pressure ≥ 1000, the coal is liquefied hydrogen; the solvent containing aromatic condensation and its polarographic potentials ≥ a 2.4V. For example, in the hydrogenation of naphthalene and four with the case of the catalyst manganese nodules, a coal liquefaction by hydrogenation, resulting in 70.3% of the coal is converted; contrast, non-manganese nodules, the coal conversion rate was 53.0%. MitchellThomasO other C63J study of coal desulfurization, metal and nitrogen. In the case of no additional H, H solvent through a porous metal with the natural formation of Mn for example, tuberculosis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], marsh or marsh iron manganese, or nickel-iron heating reaction bauxite, coal, liquid N, S and ash to be restored. For example, with N1.5%, S1.9% and ash 0.1% of the solvent refined coal 5g, Mn TB 4.9g,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 1,2,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],3,4 a four hydrogenated naphthalene and methyl naphthalene 50g 25.4g release the pressure cooker, in the 429 ℃, after 2h stirring and heating, which can produce 68% of the coal liquid, which contains N1.27, S0.75 and ash 0.05%. 2.3 Electrochemical Properties and other research MiyazakiKazuhideC64 ] investigated the Pacific manganese nodules and the D-test battery of Leclanche combination of cathode cathode behavior. The results show that manganese dioxide containing a lower (~ 38%) of the deep ore cathode with unexpected results. Pre-modified by the hot sulfuric acid treatment of TB can get better battery effect, the effect increases with increasing manganese dioxide. Manganese nodules in the manganese dioxide cathode active material phase may be similar to a MnCh,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the formation mechanism of the oxidation of MnO2 cathode may have a common electrolysis process. BrenetJean and KoenigJeanFrancois other studies 4 5J marine polymetallic nodules in the electrochemical behavior. Research presented at 8N of H2SO4 in these compounds, = f (Eh), where Eh is relative to the standard hydrogen electrode potential, for the current intensity (mA ). Pre-heated at 150 ℃ could increase the activity of these compounds. It is these characteristics may make these compounds into the slot in energy use as electrodes. Anon 【6J studied in the laboratory application of manganese nodules in the steelmaking process feasibility. In the converter, MnO2 can be used as a source of manganese decarburization. Add powder after time, MnO2 addition will reduce the viscosity of FeO slag. MnCh dephosphorization maximum dosage required depends on the content of manganese. Industrial test results confirmed that the manganese oxide in the need for steel. (030,901)
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