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Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide production of chicken and preventive measures against


The harmful gas to a high concentration of people and chickens are different degrees of toxicity, the most common and most dangerous of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and ammonia is a colorless gas with strong pungent odor, and more produced by the manure, the higher its content closer to the ground when the discounted warm humid, high-density, ventilation, can easily lead to discounted 10X10 ammonia concentration increased the concentration of ammonia were generally difficult to detect, 50X10 can cause tearing and nasal congestion, 100X10 would slap 濞 eye tears, saliva increased significantly and serious and sometimes poorly ventilated sheds the concentration of ammonia up to 100x10 one. High solubility of ammonia in the water when the lL {O ℃ water soluble 907g), it is often adsorbed on the chicken skin and mucous membranes and conjunctiva, thus causing irritation and inflammation. Chicken is more sensitive than the people of ammonia, even at very low concentrations {5xl0) also cited the chicken mucosal inflammatory process, upper respiratory tract congestion, edema and an increase in the respiratory tract mucus. Paralysis of respiratory cilia and ammonia can damage epithelial tissues, so easy invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, reduced resistance to disease of chicken. After being sucked lung ammonia, free and into the blood through the alveolar epithelium, with hemoglobin binding, thereby undermining the function of blood oxygen transport. When the chicken coop in the concentration of ammonia up to 20xl0 continuous 40d will cause the chicken lung congestion, edema, loss of appetite in chickens, reduced productivity, so that the susceptibility of chickens to Newcastle disease and morbidity Tan greatly improved; as of 5OXlO concentration,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the number of laryngeal edema occurred after the chicken,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], necrotizing bronchitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory rate decreased, sporadic death. Layers as in {5O a 80) x10 keeping the concentration of ammonia environment for two months, egg production will be reduced by 9%; the concentration of the environment in 100X10 lO weeks feeding, egg production declined by 81% to 68%, even if The ammonia from the environment were raised normally, need to l2 weeks to resume production. Therefore, the coop should be controlled within the ammonia concentration in the 10X10 below. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, volatile, with the stench of gas. Hydrogen sulfide is a chicken coop in the decomposition of organic matter from sulfur. When egg-laying hens in the peak of the feed protein-rich diet, and digestive function disorder, emit large amounts of hydrogen sulfide by the intestinal tract. A larger proportion of hydrogen sulfide {l19), therefore, the more closer to the wall Mexican plastic surface concentration: people Pingdu City Zhuangzhen Cheng School). sj} high. It is mainly chickens against the chicken body when it encounters moisture on the mucous membrane dissolved soon after, and sodium sulfide and sodium ions generated on the mucous membrane irritation, caused limited inflammation, limit secretions increase, corneal opacity, photophobia, and will happen bronchitis, throat burning, cough, or edema. If chickens are often low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide inhalation, can lead to autonomic dysfunction, the occurrence of multiple neuritis. At the same time, free of hydrogen sulfide in the blood, with the oxidized cytochrome oxidase in the ferric iron end table, the process of cell oxidation, resulting in tissue hypoxia. If you suffer from low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide chicken long-term effects, physical changes will make it weak, decreased immunity, while prone to colitis,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], heart weakness and so on, affect the normal growth and egg production; such as hydrogen sulfide concentrations higher layers will paralysis of the central nervous system, causing suffocation, therefore, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in Taichung chicken should be controlled in 8X10 or less. To reduce ammonia and hydrogen sulfide coop concentration and reduce the harm to the chickens, the following aspects should take measures: ① to promptly clear the debris. Fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide within a hen house the main source of timely removal of manure, so the opportunity to get the discounted decomposition can be saved to prevent the deterioration of indoor air. ② pay attention to moisture insulation. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are soluble in water,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], discounted wet, they will be dissolved and adsorbed on the walls, floors, ceiling, and cages, and visible moisture is impeding discharge of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide important factors outside the homes. Also, pay attention to insulation, to discounted temperature is kept above the dew point to prevent condensation of water vapor in the discounted, resulting in a large number of dissolved ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. @ Enhance ventilation. Reasonable for ventilation, timely introduction of harmful gas emissions, but it is to keep the air fresh chicken sets an important measure. In order to better discharge of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the trachea as far as possible within the port should be set too low a number. @ Use padding or spraying drugs. Ping chicken can be added, the replacement of litter way to absorb some of the harmful gas. Long Yangji units within the spray can on a regular basis in Taiwan, peracetic acid, 20% of the commercially available peracetic acid solution was diluted to 0.3%, per cubic meter of spray 30m], 2 times per week fed on whether or cage support, and can be spread within the SSP in the hen house, scattering 05 per square meter per week these methods can be saved to reduce ammonia and hydrogen sulfide inside the chicken coop the concentration of chicken egg to improve performance and economy chicken households Benefit 17K ● _ ■
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