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Foreign Direct Investment in China's technology spillover effect of


[Abstract] With the development of economic globalization, multinational technology spillover effect on China's economy is also growing. This paper explains the FDI technology spillover effect on our way, and analysis of technology spillover effect is not obvious because in our proposed multinational companies in China to strengthen technology spillover effect of countermeasures. [Key words] spillover effect of FDI technology spillovers I. Introduction With the rapid development of economic globalization, multinational companies expanding foreign direct investment. China's accession to WTO, has become the world's largest capital inflow country. China is relatively backward technology in developing countries, develop their own direct costs of research takes a great deal, so should use foreign direct investment in the technology spillover effects to enhance scientific and technological level. The so-called technology spillovers (Technology spillover) effect, is included as foreign direct investment capital, human capital, R & D investment and other factors that lead to technology through various channels of non-voluntary proliferation, promotion of local productivity growth, thereby contributing to economic growth in the host country , while the multinational subsidiary is unable to gain access to all the circumstances. This paper will multinational spillover effect to analyze the impact of China. Second, foreign direct investment, technology spillover effect on the way to China multinational companies in China the way the technology spillover effect mainly: 1. Market competition and technological demonstration effect. As our country's technical and management level is relatively low, multinational subsidiaries to enter of Post,insanity workout, breaking the existing market equilibrium increased market competition, which drives Dangdiqiye pair of TNC affiliates in the Mo Fang, Cushi their more effective use of technology and resources to improve market competitiveness. As multinational companies with advanced technology and production processes, and technology subsidiary of the parent company transferred to the general than the transfer of foreign technology more advanced, so compared to multinational subsidiaries and domestic enterprises has a strong \more market share and profits. This technology demonstration so that Chinese enterprises use various methods, such as through the product \enhance the company's production technology, and through \ 2. Backward and forward linkages effect. The so-called forward linkages (Forward linkage) is the subsidiary of multinational corporations and Chinese enterprises, research institutes formed a partnership and cooperation in a number of emerging technology research and development. With this prior to the association, China's enterprises and research institutes could gradually integrate into the multinational global technology innovation network, and access to technology spillovers, so as to enhance China's enterprises and research institutes independent technological innovation. The so-called backward linkages (Backward linkage) is the subsidiary of China's enterprises to multinational corporations to provide production of the necessary raw materials, parts or semi-finished products, components or raw materials for re-processing and marketing services. Through backward linkages, on the one hand to be effective allocation of our resources, making it the productive capacity of the upstream and downstream industries to strengthen and improve production efficiency; the other hand, subsidiaries of transnational corporations in order to ensure its quality and competitiveness of products, usually for suppliers of productive facilities, provide technical assistance, information consulting services and management of the Pei Xun Deng service, Conger to promote the productivity of enterprises Gaijin in China and business management capabilities of the increase. In short, when multinational subsidiaries and Chinese manufacturers, research institutions, partners and other backward and forward linkages occur, the latter are likely to TNC subsidiaries from product innovation, advanced technology and market knowledge in the \to produce technology spillover effect. 3. Mobility effect. As the low level of human capital in China, multinational corporations need to train our local staff, training, targeting productive operators, technicians and management personnel, when these employees You subsidiary of a transnational flow to or from other local businesses start-ups, his work in multinational companies have learned professional skills and management expertise also will drain, resulting in spillover effects. III, multinational corporations in China's technology spillover effect is not obvious because of through investment in China, transfer of a number of multinational companies to fill the gaps in technology, processes and equipment to China Some products on the grade. Multinational corporations setting up R & D centers in China, its knowledge and technology more spillover to our other enterprises and research institutes. Transnational focus on human resources training, and promote the flow of talent. However, multinational companies in China's technology spillover effect is not satisfactory, reasons are as follows: 1. Multinationals on technology diffusion from the restrictions of view, the core technology for the strict control and secrecy, the more foreign direct investment and more to choose the sole proprietorship, joint venture, a small number does not help us directly to the multinational study. Moreover, multinational companies through mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises, technology and brand to suppress domestic enterprises, domestic enterprises affecting technology absorption and innovation. 2. From the \Practice has proved that China and the multinational corporations in the \multinational corporations by brand, service will ensure its market dominance do not have to exchange for the technology to gain access to evidence the Chinese market; (2) cited China attract investment and technology that there is a blindness, heavy weight quality not quantity, repeated introduction of low-level production line, wasting a lot of manpower and material resources, and wasted valuable technical catch-up time; (3) Chinese companies own technical strength, lacking the power of advanced technology active learning; (4) Some foreign ownership decision-making power only to China as a joint venture factory, seriously affected China's absorption of advanced technologies. 3. From the human resource side, domestic firms and foreign technology and management system quite different, and the wage policies of domestic enterprises, capital markets, labor market and social security system is flawed, labor market information asymmetry, affecting flow of talent, influence spillover effects. 4. From intellectual property protection, China's accession to WTO, a more rigorous implementation of the WTO intellectual property protection agreement will force the Chinese medicine, integrated circuits and other Xingye give up their way of imitation development, so Kuaguogongsi to strengthen the monopoly of knowledge and technology industries. 5. From the \negative, the profit reduction will directly lead to reduction in business investment in research and impact of R & D and innovation. Four multinational companies in China to strengthen measures of technology spillovers 1. Improve market regulation and create a level playing field for internal and external business market environment. The establishment of the legal system can be highly competitive market system is the key to attracting foreign investment. First of all, no intellectual property rights protection, multinational corporations invested heavily in research and development out of new products, new technologies do not effectively protected, technology transfer will be reduced, it must improve the \Law \Secondly, more and more frequent cross-border mergers and acquisitions, to meet the new investment, foreign-invested enterprises should be developed for the acquisition of the legal system. Again, because China's market economy development imperfect, if foreign capital to mergers and acquisitions, etc. monopoly, there is no corresponding constraint is bound to hamper fair competition, viability of domestic enterprises environmental degradation, barriers to technological spillovers, will ultimately affect the national economy. Therefore, the need to accelerate the development and implementation of \ 2. In accordance with World Trade Organization rules, adjust the foreign policy of national treatment. Since the reform and opening up, China is attracting foreign investment to take a variety of economic incentives, give foreign investors to super-national treatment, so the monopoly of multinational companies is more obvious, while domestic firms are in a more unequal position. In addition, some non-national treatment principle may make foreign investment enterprises in a disadvantageous position, such as foreign-funded enterprises in the non-registered De Bu Yunxu doing business activities. Hence, we must gradually be given national treatment to multinational companies, but also super-national treatment should reduce down until the cancellation of some. International scholars that the principle of national treatment in itself constitute favorable conditions for foreign investment, bringing large-scale investment in the host country for the long-term development of large multinational companies do, the host country's market size, production costs, economic growth, level of skill factors in location choice of FDI plays a key role, preferential policies are relatively minor. Multinational decision-making depends largely on the domestic market capacity, where the regional market, political and economic stability conditions, the overall environment of trade activities, not just incentives to stimulate. China's economy matures,tory burch sale, and ever-increasing market liberalization, building a variety of laws and regulations to gradually improve and perfect, cross-border investment in safety and effectiveness of protection has been good. We should be based on the World Trade Organization rules, to adjust foreign policy to gradually reduce the foreign tax and finance, the scope of preferential policies, creating an equal playing field. [Abstract] With the development of economic globalization, multinational technology spillover effect on China's economy is also growing. This paper explains the FDI technology spillover effect on our way, and analysis of technology spillover effect is not obvious because in our proposed multinational companies in China to strengthen technology spillover effect of countermeasures. [Key words] spillover effect of FDI technology spillovers I. Introduction With the rapid development of economic globalization, multinational companies expanding foreign direct investment. China's accession to WTO, has become the world's largest capital inflow country. China is relatively backward technology in developing countries, develop their own direct costs of research takes a great deal, so should use foreign direct investment in the technology spillover effects to enhance scientific and technological level. The so-called technology spillovers (Technology spillover) effect, is included as foreign direct investment capital, human capital, R & D investment and other factors that lead to technology through various channels of non-voluntary proliferation, promotion of local productivity growth, thereby contributing to economic growth in the host country , while the multinational subsidiary is unable to gain access to all the circumstances. This paper will multinational spillover effect to analyze the impact of China. Second, foreign direct investment, technology spillover effect on the way to China multinational companies in China the way the technology spillover effect mainly: 1. Market competition and technological demonstration effect. As our technology, management, relatively low, multinational subsidiaries will of Post, breaking the existing market equilibrium, aggravated Shichang competition, which drives Dangdiqiye the imitation of the Multinational Company, to promote more effective use of technology 它们and resources to improve market competitiveness. As multinational companies with advanced technology and production processes, and technology subsidiary of the parent company transferred to the general than the transfer of foreign technology more advanced, so compared to multinational subsidiaries and domestic enterprises has a strong \more market share and profits. This technology led the way for Chinese enterprises using various methods, such as through the product, \enhance the company's production technology, and through \ 2. Backward and forward linkages effect. The so-called forward linkages (Forward linkage) is the subsidiary of multinational corporations and Chinese enterprises, research institutes formed a partnership and cooperation in a number of emerging technology research and development. With this prior to the association, China's enterprises and research institutes could gradually integrate into the multinational global technology innovation network, and access to technology spillovers, so as to enhance China's enterprises and research institutes independent technological innovation. The so-called backward linkages (Backward linkage) is the subsidiary of China's enterprises to multinational corporations to provide production of the necessary raw materials, parts or semi-finished products, components or raw materials for re-processing and marketing services. Through backward linkages, on the one hand the efficient allocation of resources in China, making it the productive capacity of the upstream and downstream industries to strengthen and improve production efficiency; the other hand, subsidiaries of transnational corporations in order to ensure its product quality and competitiveness, usually for suppliers to establish production facilities which provide technical assistance, information consulting Fu Wu and Guan Li Shang Dipeixundeng services, Congercujin the productivity of enterprises in China Gaijin He Jing Ying management capacity to improve. In short, when multinational subsidiaries and Chinese companies, research institutions, partners and other backward and forward linkages occur, the latter may be the products from the multinational subsidiary innovation, advanced technology and market knowledge in the \to produce technology spillover effect. 3. Mobility effect. Because China's low level of human capital, multinational corporations need to train our country's local employees, training of objects including Shengchan of operators, technicians and management personnel, when these employees You multinational companies in Zigong Si flow Dangdi other enterprises or self- start-ups, his work in multinational companies have learned professional skills and management expertise also will drain, resulting in spillover effects. III, multinational corporations in China's technology spillover effect is not obvious because of through investment in China, transfer of a number of multinational companies to fill the gaps in technology, processes and equipment to China Some products on the grade. Multinational corporations setting up R & D centers in China, its knowledge and technology more spillover to our other enterprises and research institutes. Multinational companies focus on human resources training, and promote the flow of talent. However, multinational companies in China's technology spillover effect is not satisfactory, reasons are as follows: 1. Multinationals on technology diffusion from the restrictions of view, the core technology for the strict control and secrecy, the more foreign direct investment and more to choose the sole proprietorship, joint venture, a small number does not help us directly to the multinational study. Moreover, multinational companies through mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises, technology and brand to suppress domestic enterprises, domestic enterprises affecting technology absorption and innovation. 2. From the \Practice has proved that China and the multinational corporations in the \multinational companies through branding, service will ensure its market dominance, absolutely no need of technology as a Jiaohuantiaojian Lai Huoqu China 市场 Entrance Permission Card; (2) cited China attract investment and technology that there is a blindness, Bu on quantity to quality, repeated introduction of low-level production line, wasting a lot of manpower and material resources, and wasted valuable technical catch-up time; (3) Chinese companies own technical strength, lacking the power of advanced technology active learning; (4) Some foreign ownership decision-making power only to China as a joint venture factory, seriously affected China's absorption of advanced technologies. 3. From the human resource side, domestic firms and foreign technology and management system quite different, and the wage policies of domestic enterprises, capital markets, labor market and social security system is flawed, labor market information asymmetry, affecting flow of talent, influence spillover effects. 4. From the view of intellectual property protection, China's accession to WTO, a more rigorous implementation of the WTO 知识产权 protection agreements, will force the Chinese medicine,p90x wholesale, integrated circuits Xing Ye Fa Zhan 方式 give up the original copy, so Kuaguogongsi to strengthen the monopoly of knowledge and technology industries. 5. From the \negative, the profit reduction will directly lead to reduction in business investment in research and impact of R & D and innovation. Four multinational companies in China to strengthen measures of technology spillovers 1. Improve market regulation and create a level playing field for internal and external business market environment. The establishment of the legal system can be highly competitive market system is the key to attracting foreign investment. First of all, no intellectual property rights protection, multinational corporations invested heavily in research to develop new products, new processes can not be effective protection, technology transfer will be reduced, it must improve the \Law \Secondly, more and more frequent cross-border mergers and acquisitions, to meet the new investment, foreign-invested enterprises should be developed for the acquisition of the legal system. Again, because the economic development of China's market imperfections, if foreign investment merger and formed in Long Duan 等, Mei You stipulation on, is bound to hamper the market fair competition, viability of domestic enterprises environmental deterioration, Zuai technology spillovers will ultimately affect the national economy Fazhan. Therefore, the need to accelerate the development and implementation of \ 2. In accordance with World Trade Organization rules, adjust the foreign policy of national treatment. Since the reform and opening up, my country to attract foreign investment adopt various economic incentives to give foreign investors to the treatment of super-national, multinational companies in the monopolistic advantages made more obvious, while domestic enterprises are Geng unequal position. In addition, some non-national treatment may also make foreign-invested enterprises at a disadvantage, such as non-registration does not allow foreign companies doing business activities. Hence, we must gradually be given national treatment to multinational companies, but also super-national treatment should reduce down until the cancellation of some. International scholars believe, the principle of national treatment in itself constitute favorable conditions for foreign investment, Duiyu bring large-scale investment for long-term Fa Zhan Zai host large multinational companies the host country's market size, production costs, economically growing, skill level, etc. Yin Suzai location choice of FDI plays a key role, preferential policies are relatively minor. Multinational decision-making depends largely on the domestic market capacity, where the regional market, political and economic stability conditions, the overall environment of trade activities, not just incentives to stimulate. China's economy matures, and ever-increasing market liberalization, building a variety of laws and regulations to gradually improve and perfect, cross-border investment in safety and effectiveness of protection has been good. We should be based on the World Trade Organization rules, to adjust foreign policy to gradually reduce the foreign tax and finance, the scope of preferential policies,MAC Cosmetics Cheap, creating an equal playing field.
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