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FDI in China under the strategy deal with the transfer of cross-contamination


Abstract: 30 years of reform and opening up, China's FDI utilization has the size and level of more substantial increase. Foreign direct investment into China's main import and use of foreign capital. Promoting the upgrading of industrial structure in China to accelerate economic development in China has played an important role. But with the introduction of FDI, but also make some high energy consumption and serious pollution of the industrial transfer from the developed countries to China, so that our already fragile environment Resulting in deterioration of ecological environment in China is facing, and slow down the process of controlled substances out of the industrial structure of the low degree of rigidity and other issues. This is the goal of economic growth in a single official performance evaluation mechanisms, and low environmental standards and lack of the relevant legal system. Thus, by directing the flow of foreign investment in the industry, the establishment of foreign investment in the local cadres and improve the ecological system of performance evaluation system of environmental legislation and other measures to help solve the problem of papers from China Union finishing. Keywords: FDI flows to cross-border transfer of pollution industries 0 Introduction FDI used in China and an important way to attract foreign investment. To accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure, there are institutions to raise capital and reduce the technology gap with developed countries. Accelerate China's economic development has an important role. However, it accompanied the introduction of FDI, but also make some high energy consumption and serious pollution of the industrial transfer from the developed countries to China, so that our already fragile environment Resulting in further deterioration of ecological environment, pollution, frequent events, restricted the sustained and healthy development of China's economy. Thus, under the conditions of FDI, cross-border transfer of pollution status in China, impact and causes. Find a reasonable solution, has important practical significance and theoretical value. 1 FDI on China's environmental problems caused by 2008 of Non-financial sector foreign direct investment amounted to 40.7 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 63.6%. China's total foreign direct investment more than 676.6 billion U.S. dollars, China investment in nearly 200 countries and regions in the world top 500 enterprises,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], about 480 invest in China. Foreign Direct Investment on China's economic development, industrial upgrading, job creation has played a very important role, but at the same time, foreign investment environment of China's enormous negative impact on safety. 1.1 ODS production and consumption multinational companies will shift to China of the Chinese out of the process of controlled substances as a direct impact on ozone depletion caused by pollution and endanger human health, has become one of the three major global environmental problems. Into the 80's, how to control ozone-depleting substances production and use, effective protection of the ozone layer has become a hot issue of global concern. 1985, 20 countries signed the June 1990 Although the Montreal Protocol and its amendments provide for developing countries a grace period of a longer-term, but it is through investment in non-State parties to the terms of transfer of the fifth production and consumption of ODS did not take any restrictive measures. Terms of its Member States to allow the transfer to the Fifth ODS production and consumption of the provision itself is developed and some newly industrialized countries to developing countries production and consumption of these products the green light. Some investors in the developed and developing countries phase out use of the time gap to direct investment to the production and consumption of ODS transfer to move to developing country Parties. According to incomplete statistics, cleaning, refrigeration and foam is more focused foreign investment in industry, total number of enterprises in these three sectors accounted for 95.7% and 98.03% of total foreign investment. Transfer of such a large scale multinational ODS production and consumption, in addition to damage our environment beyond, but also have serious consequences, it will affect China out of the process of controlled substances, thus affecting the performance of China's commitment to the international community. 1.2 part of the foreign-invested enterprises directly involved in the import of foreign hazardous waste, exacerbating the crisis in China's ecological environment, the Chinese government on the transboundary movement of hazardous waste has consistently and resolutely opposed, March 22, 1990, the Chinese government signed the Basel Convention However, some foreign-invested enterprises directly engaged in the import of hazardous wastes, processing, disposal, directly to the ecological environment in China caused great damage. These wastes are mainly from developed countries and newly industrialized countries and regions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in 2007 from the United States, Japan and Hong Kong's imports of waste, respectively, of total imports accounted for 24.25%, 9.88% and 5.58%, coastal areas is a major importer of hazardous waste and use of land. Customs seized from the current situation, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangdong and Shandong are the main import to and use of land, Shanghai, Tianjin, Liaoning, Beijing, Jiangxi also found a lot of hazardous waste. Imports of foreign garbage is no doubt a large number of ecological crisis intensified, hazardous waste piling up,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], dismantling and disposal of serious pollution of the local processes such as water quality, air, land, some people's health is being compromised. Hualong Chemical Co., Ltd. joint venture Jiangxi imported 30,000 tons garbage seriously polluted by 20 hectares of land,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], many workers and farmers infected by bacteria. 3 FDI facing our country under the conditions of the causes of cross-border pollution transfer 3.1 single goal of economic growth as the official performance evaluation mechanism in the present stage, the officials of the performance evaluation system is type system regardless of costs to attract foreign investment. As eager to attract investment, insufficient analysis of the feasibility of the project, resulting in a large number of low efficiency, technological backwardness, environmental pollution, foreign-invested projects were introduced. Local government in attracting foreign investment and transfer of pollution damage to the interests of the comparison, select the former and ignore the latter. Some local environmental policy-making is the first consideration the interests of manufacturers, and the expense of the environment or, worse, change the laws and regulations, implementation, making a smooth transfer of polluting industries. FDI into the high-polluting industries in the project approval and the project put into the regulatory aspects of the existing legislation on their target market planning and product marketing direction without any limitations or mandatory requirements, which is tantamount to encouraging the consumption of foreign investors in China's environmental resources meet foreign market demand, and thus profit. The absence of the existence of the Government and the Government re-introduced, light regulation, light guide to the FDI used in the practice of cross-border pollution transfer provides the opportunity for speculation. 3.2 missing environmental protection laws and institutional experience of western countries aware of the industrial revolution brought about by industrial activity over the serious environmental problems, increasing awareness of environmental protection. Rapid economic development and environmental technology for environmental protection funds provide economic security, most of these countries to develop a more stringent environmental regulations, environmental standards are increasingly high. China compared with developed countries, relatively backward in productivity, capital investment in environmental protection and environmental technology level is relatively backward; the same time as human, material and financial resources which, in many basic research can not keep up, so that environmental standards Science, applicability and feasibility are also some problems,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], most of which environmental standards than developed countries. For example, a large number of pollution incidents in Japan 70 years after the formulation of the so difficult to open some sectors in Japan, a large number of environmental costs or need to meet the opening requirements. Although China's environmental legislation started relatively late, but developed rapidly through the years a large number of countries enacting environmental laws and regulations, has formed a preliminary environmental legal system, but there are still many problems. On the one hand, there are still gaps in the legislation. Has not yet been established to promote the development of circular economy laws and regulations; lack of nature reserves, transgenic biosafety, genetic resources protection and control of chemical substances, motor vehicles, livestock and poultry breeding, soil, radioactive material transportation laws and regulations. On the other hand, environmental management system is imperfect legislative system, the level of legislative conflict; environmental management system of legislation in the system has great defects, commanding the overall situation of the environment is not a code, a variety of legislation exists the phenomenon of lack of unity and cooperation between the legislative. Another system of legislation is too rough environmental management, environmental protection department unclear responsibilities; not conducive to the various departments perform their duties and each other. Particularly in relation to the functions of some departments especially, so much so that the relevant law enforcement authorities said they were not in real terms. Lack of clarity and specialized.
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