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2. brief evaluation

D. Interest expense on customer deposits. Bank current accounts and time deposits to customer accounts to pay the interest.



(b) of the base rate plus point mode



1. Basic principles
A compensation for default risk. A borrower default risk defaultrisk the possibility can not be scheduled debt service. Compensation for the risk of default by credit rating and history of statistical data obtained. Such as:
Note:
(1) the average account balance of gross


lending rates, including the bank prime rate = expected profit + risk plus the main point to consider customer default risk and term risks.
( Plus: Interest income reserve





loan guarantee Lilly rate = (1) + (2) + (3) + (4)
Aa 0.50%
(2) use of such models can not be isolated. In determining
B. Risk compensation period. The longer the loan term, interest rate risk is greater, the borrower the greater the likelihood of credit deterioration. Therefore, the longer the loan period, the required compensation for the period the higher the risk.
from the economic point of view, the banks do business with a customer, must be able to ensure that Expressed by the formula:



below the actual situation in our country, the the customer's total income,
Aaa 0.25%
recent decades,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], due to competition with banks, sometimes some of the lending rate may be lower than the prime rate, so the emergence of the even have to work with borrowers For the avoidance of controversy, and some banks began to use other benchmark interest rate to replace the traditional For example, since the beginning of the 70s, many banks began to use the London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR as the benchmark interest rate. At present, foreign banks within the pricing of foreign exchange loans, interbank interest rates generally based on the international market, combined with banking costs, credit risk, customers comprehensive benefits and market competition and other factors, plus a certain margin approach.
(1) Overall, It is mainly the cost of bank's own cost and risk. Bank funding costs, higher cost loans, higher interest rates. This model does not consider the current funding level of interest rates on the market generally, which may lead to loss of customers and loan market is shrinking.






Banking Loan Pricing There are many specific ways. These ever-changing specific methods can be categorized into three models: cost-plus model; base rate plus point mode; customer profitability analysis model. Pricing practice, these three modes are often mixed.





2. Brief evaluation

(2) Less: Average Float account the amount of
(3) risk compensation fee. As the object of loans, duration, type, level of protection varies, so the degree of risk of each loan varies. Loan price risk compensation fee must be considered, otherwise the bank as loan funds will be used to purchase a risk-free Treasury bonds. In general, the loan pricing of risk factors to consider:

B. customer deposit accounts revenue. Customers will be money in the bank, bank to pay the reserve, the balance can be used for loans, investments, resulting in some gains. Such income is With China's actual situation in China, commercial banks deposit reserve pay is interest income, the customer deposit account income calculated according to the following procedures:


(7) account may Net investment income earned

(4) Target income. Shareholders for the bank to provide a return on capital necessary level of profits.
(5) account for investment, net




(6) by: average yield on interest-earning assets


which is widely used in international banking loan pricing method, the specific procedure is: Select a benchmark interest rate credit rating or with a different level of risk spreads on different levels of customers to determine the general approach is based on the benchmark interest rate

Baa 1.25%

A. loan net interest income. Here the so-called loans,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], should include all of the credit assets, including import-packaged loans, bills discounting, general loans. In China, commercial banks have to pay sales tax loan interest income and additional taxes, interest income totaled approximately 8.5%. Net interest income as a result of loans:

this model that any loan interest rate should include the following four parts, be considered Bank loan funds to raise the costs incurred.
(4) Less: reserve


(1) to provide services to place the total cost of
(2) However, the bank is a For example, the loan officer's salary or some of the loans to the depreciation charge for special equipment assigned to the multiple loans,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], need a lot of subjective judgments; the credit investigation fees, assessment fees, collateral loans by each collection, the computer needs of banks system can meet the


(3) use of such pricing model, you need to fully estimate the default risk of loans, duration risk and other related risks. But in real life, to accurately estimate the risk is very difficult. This requires banks to establish a sound credit rating system, and has a rich practical experience in risk assessment personnel.

Based on the above analysis, can be drawn from (3)
B level and below can not credit



A,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Refers to the customer's deposit balance, the customer has a check, but not for partial withdrawals and transfers. This part can not be free to use bank deposits, so in the calculation of
Ba 2.00%
(2) from the customer's total income includes the following:
E. account management costs. Customer demand, time deposit account management fees and operating expenses, such as withdrawals, transfers, deposits now, account maintenance fees.
Loan Pricing Model


As China's market-oriented interest rate reforms, the autonomy of commercial banks to gradually expand the loan pricing. This paper's main mode of loan pricing for concise, systematic study, on this basis, China's commercial banks raised loan pricing model to determine the basic idea. One of three basic models of loan pricing

include the following:


view of the bank loan interest is the main source of revenue, the type can be changed to:

credit rating of the borrower risk compensation fee
(9) account for total income


loan amount × time × rate × (1-8.5% of the sales tax and surcharges)
C. client default costs. According to the customer's risk level and the average default rates to determine.



(3) the average account balance of the net

A 0.75%
A. cost of capital. Banks to provide loans to customers the cost of the funds needed.

B, Refers to the bank all students
B. lending costs. Such as credit investigation costs, project appraisal fees, collateral maintenance costs, costs of loan recovery,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], loan file charges, legal instruments fees, loan officer salaries.
from a customer's total revenue for the customer service ≥ cost + target profit of banks

(2) Loan fees. Also known as benefits and allowances; special apparatus and equipment depreciation costs.
this model that for each bank loan pricing, they should consider the overall relationship between customers and the Bank shall take full account of customer and bank various costs and benefits of doing business, which can be called the
customer deposit accounts income statement

(a) cost-plus model
(1) In general, such a loan pricing model is It is the general price level of the market as a starting point to find the price for the loan. Formulated by this model closer to the market price of loans, which may be more competitive.
in the 30's during the Great Depression, the Western big banks to At the time, this is the best bank on the credibility of the short-term working capital loans customers paid the lowest rate imposed. Prime rate for loans to other borrowers to determine the interest rate basis. The actual interest rate determined as follows:

1. Basic principles
in the above formula that if

2, to analyze

1. Basic principles
loan amount × interest rate × period × 1 - Business tax and surcharges rate + other service income × 1 - Business tax and surcharges for customer service rate ≥ place the total cost + target banks Profit
(c) customer profitability analysis model More articles related to topics：


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