Forum pracy nad projektem wskrzeszenia The Forge

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Keywords: Railway Construction Management Industry


1 Introduction China's accession to WTO, trade in services has been integrated into the international market. According to international practice, construction consulting and design belong to the scope of supervision, and engineering services consulting industry is, therefore, construction supervision and regulations are WTO adjustment range of organizational management. Investment projects in China with the foreign owners, institutions of loans from international financial organizations, projects, domestic enterprises overseas contracted projects and labor service cooperation projects increasing output, the railway construction companies in the industry gradually from the domestic original single, self-competition shifts to inter closed industry, comprehensive, open free competition, broaden the field of architecture international exchanges and cooperation. It also requires domestic railway construction enterprises must contract with the international market, in accordance with internationally accepted rules. In particular, some from the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank loan to build projects, construction companies often require the implementation of FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering, and the contract the project to implement the project supervision system. This will undoubtedly deepen the reform of the railway construction companies and development, promote the railway construction enterprises to improve their management level to provide opportunities, but also supervision of the domestic rail market competitiveness of the company presented new challenges. It joined the WTO, how to adjust the management, how the international market mechanism of economic operation under the repositioning of the railway construction supervision companies deserve attention and urgent problem. Pakistan India River Highway 9, the contract works is a comprehensive large-scale civil engineering, the Asian Development Bank loans from the international bidding project. Road length of 108km, including seven large and medium bridges, 248 culverts, subgrade earthwork, concrete pavement construction, subgrade protection and drainage works and other projects. Owner is Pakistan's National Highway. Because investment is large, the owners selected by way of bidding a British engineering supervision company and supervision by way of contract discretionary tasks. Harbin Railway Bureau Qiqihar Railway Agency and the second joint bid Tianjin Dagang Oil Field, complement each other, one fell swoop. So by the owner, supervision, contractors formed a separate mutual restraint but the overall implementation of the project. The project is implemented according to international practice project supervision and implementation of FIDIC Civil Engineering Contract Conditions. Proved: that the terms of the contract the technical, economic, scientific combination of the three laws, and has fair, strict, and the characteristics of both the insurance and therefore in international bidding for the project has been widely used. After joining WTO 2 supervision of domestic railway industry have been hit With economic globalization and the implementation of western development strategy, the railway construction project will be of interest to owners of investment abroad, foreign companies with good engineering supervision international reputation, high-tech management tools, quality service and supervision of the domestic railway construction company formed a joint competitive market situation, the prosperity of the domestic construction industry, but also to the railway construction supervision companies tremendous pressure. Due to the construction of the traditional project management system and the impact of the railway construction supervision of the organization, promotion, and has not formed a complete set of specific, scientific and standardized management approach,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], tools and implementation procedures, to a certain extent, hampered China's railway construction sector moving forward, but not conducive to the operation mechanism and in accordance with international practice to work. Therefore, the railway construction supervision companies will be seriously in terms of the challenges and impact. 2.1 on the domestic market share of railway construction supervision companies impact; joining WTO, the original railway supervision companies dominate the business side of the market structure will be subject to severe shock. The impact of a variety of objective and subjective reasons, the railway company's competitiveness in the market supervision is not strong, the main problems: the organizational form, is a professional engineering supervision of foreign company, is a combination of senior supervising engineer, and China is a comprehensive railway construction supervision company, is a variety of technical staff, managers and service personnel combinations, resulting in heavy burden Railway Project Management Company, operating costs are high, leading to less competitive quality of service provided by the Commissioner; in business, the foreign companies to provide engineering supervision the technical design, construction monitoring, management and consulting services to the whole process of integration, and its focus on the needs and services in the market, so the contractor can do the basic impeccable, and China Railway Construction Supervision is currently provided by the construction of the main quality control, leading owners to meet the market demand for comprehensive capacity is not strong; in the application of new technology to improve competitiveness, foreign construction supervision and management of the company using the latest detection technology round monitoring of contracting projects to improve market competitiveness, while China Railway construction supervision companies to invest less in new technologies, monitoring tools and equipment behind, leading to competitiveness is not strong; in the market, the foreign companies for construction supervision of international market competition and long-term experience in project organization, and supervision of the railway companies are just ready to enter the international market, lack of international market competition and the experience of project organization, leading to lack of experience of international competition and the competitiveness of organizing the implementation of the project is not strong. 2.2 Supervision of human resources on the domestic impact of the railway; present, due to the Commissioner of the domestic rail industry are not standardized supervision and low remuneration issues such as supervision, supervision of the railway company has a variety of technical expertise is difficult to retain high-quality personnel, the composition of the railway supervisors present polarization: some are retired from the construction unit of older engineers and technicians have experience, knowledge of aging, and lack in theory; others are just the institutions assigned to the graduates, experience is poor, despite these personnel training, examination,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], certificates, but still can not meet the needs of the fierce international competition. More serious is that some of the low quality of the supervision work will take advantage of, extortion contractors, greatly damaged the reputation of the domestic rail industry supervision. Foreign engineering supervision company with advanced management and efficient operation mechanism, cutting-edge science and technology, extensive international supervision of the market,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], competitive remuneration and welfare benefits, domestic railway will have a great temptation to the Commissioner of Personnel force. Joining WTO, the objective of foreign supervision of the company will become a greater attraction to the domestic railway construction supervision companies have a greater centrifugal force; subjective supervision of foreign companies to reduce costs and create profits, bound with its technical strength, positive attract domestic excellent talents to join their company railway supervision, supervision of such outstanding domestic railway personnel supervision companies will appear to the flow of foreign trends. 2.3 on the domestic impact of railway construction supervision companies; present, some companies do not have the Commissioner of Railway Construction Supervision in the qualification. Although levels of qualification certificate and business license, but has not fixed the staff, with the supervision of the task to the temporary hash a few people, the task is completed after the dissolution of the staff, not to mention the work of standardization to carry out supervision. Some other government departments, the Commissioner is subordinate enterprises, some companies and government supervision of mixed quality inspection departments, or their own construction company and set up a Project Management Company, the Commissioner of his own work, form a set of men, two brands, greatly disrupt the railway construction market competition order, hindering the healthy development of supervision, but also can not afford the huge impact of foreign supervision company. Therefore, we must carefully study the corresponding problem and take appropriate measures to ensure supervision of railway undertakings to keep up with international development. 3 reform of the railway construction supervision industry trends project supervision system is the most advanced, most scientific, the most popular construction management methods. Pakistan Indus Highway 9, personal contract work proved that full implementation of the project supervision system can effectively ensure the quality and duration to reduce the unreasonable additional expense, to avoid excessive contract dispute, to ensure projects and contracts successfully implemented, the owners and contractors benefit both sides. Project supervision system on the international building contractor bidding the project is particularly important. 3.1 foreign supervision institution of the company; foreign supervisory institution of the company more flexible, mainly based on the size of the project to determine. Pakistan India River Highway 9 project supervisory organization contracts are: Project Director 1 (English), under the supervision of the resident representative of the road 1, the jurisdiction of the Commissioner of embankment 6 (including 3 of earth and stone supervision, road construction supervision 2 people), 2 survey supervision, testing supervision 3 (Block 1 contains the laboratory), materials supervision of a person, measuring supervision 1; and culverts under the supervision of the resident representative of a person, the jurisdiction of the Commissioner of 3 bridge structures (including templates Supervision 1, 1 reinforced supervision, concrete supervision 1), measuring 1 supervision, testing supervision of 2 people (including laboratory Block 1), materials, supervision of a person, measuring 1 supervision, there are some temporary staff, transport vehicles and machinery and equipment. Agency did not set reasonable person competent and high efficiency. 3.2 based on the monitoring of foreign supervision; term contract for an international day, supervising engineer in order to ensure quality, speed up the construction schedule, the control owner's investment, always do everything possible to bind the Contractor's work behavior. Monitoring based on common aspects of the main three. (1) according to the text and the terms of the contract. Supervising engineer to bind the Contractor is based on the most critical relevant requirements of the tender documents, FIDIC contract terms, signed copy of the contract, tender the relevant national laws and regulations (such as compliance with labor laws, etc.). For the contractor to perform the contract are not serious, the owners proposed supervision engineers will be fine, some terminate the contract, and sometimes all of the contract. (2) based on design drawings and specifications. Item on the tender design drawings, tender national technical standards, quotas and regulations, international general rule, change orders, meeting minutes are the main basis for monitoring supervision engineers. For not up to quality, schedule requirements of the project, the contractor supervision engineer will be ordered to rectify or even suspension. (3) based on the subjective attitude of the owners. The subjective attitude of the owners of Quality Supervision Engineer is also an essential basis for monitoring. The owners do not recognize the place, supervision engineer should coordinate the relationship between owners and contractors, without prejudice to the interests of the contractor under the premise of meeting the requirements of owners. As a contractor to keep in mind: strict compliance with the contract, arguing, supervising engineer as far as possible all the work satisfaction, so that the owners satisfaction. 3.3 The terms of reference of foreign supervision engineers; international project supervision engineers in addition to other owners, with the supreme decision-making power, in order to firmly control the contractor to prevent any loss of control of a part of the overall interests of the project to the owners damaging. For Pakistan, the Indus Highway 9, the contract works, the supervision engineer has the following 18 major aspects of the right. (1) interpretation of contract. The right to contract ambiguities to be clarified,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], before and after each inconsistencies be adjusted. (2) examine the overall strength of subcontractors. Contractor subcontracting out some of the projects, supervising engineer must review, verify subcontractors with construction capacity, side to pass. (3) to coordinate the project contractor direction, mileage, control piles, standard point and relevant information. (4) the authorized legal representative of the contractor, key employees must be approved by supervision engineer, or all activities are regarded as invalid. (5) to the contractor to provide design drawings, the actual situation, if necessary, change the design of the power to issue instructions. (6) review the contractor's monthly and quarterly construction plans, to order some projects started or planned to give adjustments. (7) understand and evaluate the progress of the contractor, the right to order suspension, or apply for extension of time owners. ( to determine the text of the preliminary contract (no unit price project) value of the project. (9) months of experimental work to verify the contractor list, the issue of payment settlement document, confirming the actual completion of the project. (10) construction supervision or inspection process the contractor and the structure size, quality, quantity and specification meets the requirements of the contract. (11) Check contractor for the project materials, bulk materials and machinery, equipment, sources and quality. (12) periodically review the contractor's project cash flow and cost of use. (13) verification of contractor claims, evidence, whether to set up calculations, has the right to approve or reject. (14) found that the contractor has quality problems, the right to order the suspension of work and monitor its rework. (15) periodically bringing together the owners, contractors, supervisors tripartite joint regular meeting and issue meeting minutes, presentations, memoranda and other documents to guide the construction of the next step. (16) disputes between the owners and contractors, as well as litigation, arbitration, the supervisors have the obligation to testify. (17) according to contract documents, technical specifications, FIDIC conditions, requirements, inspection and acceptance of sub-project, part project, the quality of unit project, and to check the certificate signed. (1 review the contractor's construction of a variety of original data, the quality of statistical data,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], engineering drawings and completion of inventory measurement. If one of the following, the supervising engineer is entitled to suspend work on the contractor. (1) contractor in the construction process, without changes to the drawings provided by the owners. (2) qualified subcontractors for construction that is unaudited. (3) using the approved materials without supervision engineers, or construction without replacement, change materials. (4) construction quality problems, notify the Contractor to correct, but the contractor refused to correct or improve poor. (5) the quality of the contractor to conceal the accident, refused to report, to continue construction. It should be noted that: after a work stoppage of treatment measures must be reported to the supervising engineer review, under the supervision of the Engineer does not return to work so can not return to work. By the above economic losses caused by the contractor responsible. 3.4 foreign supervision engineers for quality control; International Contract Project owners carefully tender, the selection of good reputation, efficient and experienced supervision company. Management Company is based on the size of the project, the complexity of engineering, transport and natural conditions and other factors, the establishment of a set of proven, systematic quality control and inspection procedures, the successful contractor must comply with instructions of the supervisory process perform inspection and acceptance procedures. FIDIC terms of Article 38.1 states: of each procedure, must be supervising engineer inspection, acceptance of the visa, without checking the items not approved under a process of construction can be otherwise, no experimental work supervision engineers pricing, or its quality is doubtful, and even ordered the demolition contractor rework, resulting in unnecessary losses. Therefore, every process in the pre-construction, construction procedures must fill out application form in advance, usually 3 days prior to the supervising engineer hands. Foreign supervision engineers for quality control mainly has the following 6. (1) on-site supervision law. This approach is to check the progress of the construction process. Purpose is to prevent the contractor in the construction process quality problems and accidents occur signs to discover quality problems as early as possible, and to help contractors on-site solution. Generally supervising engineer embankment, bridge and culvert structures supervision engineers, materials engineers around the clock supervision, the whole process of comprehensive on-site supervision and inspection, this serious and responsible professionalism that we can learn. For example, the bridge structure before construction supervision engineers in supporting the template to check the quality of steel banding quality; the construction process, to monitor the perfusion of concrete quality, from start to finish guard at the scene; concrete construction is completed, in process of construction to sign the application form , as the pricing of the original work experience certificate. (2) field measurements. Supervising engineer field measurements check the basic task is to ensure highway geometric elements (curve angle, etc.), mileage, coordinates orientation and geometry of bridge structures, control axes, the standard point of full compliance with the contract drawings and specifications required accuracy level, to construction is completed to avoid errors. This is essential for a screening method. Construction contractor for each application before the next procedure, measuring the field supervision engineers always have to repeatedly check the roads, bridges and culverts mileage, coordinate position, the axis, the standard point, contracted projects to ensure the accuracy of structure size departments. (3) random sampling method. This approach includes two aspects: First, check the materials before entering into the heap yard inspection and examination; the second is to check whether the quality of structures qualified. Supervision of the implementation were mainly materials engineer, before entering the material (such as roadbed fill) field sampling and stacking piles of cement, sand, gravel, pebbles, stone, sheet rock, steel, asphalt and semi-finished product with All materials on the project carry out random checks in order to eliminate the material does not meet the specifications in the material source and the initial construction phase. In addition, including the use of Hammer, endoscopic and other equipment checks whether the design of concrete strength grade and so on. (4) test check method. This check is on the highway subgrade density test checks the strength of concrete bridge inspections of the construction process of the trial examination (such as prestressed concrete prestressing), raw materials, mixed materials testing and inspection. Experimental Test of some laboratory tests on site, some resident in a special laboratory. Such as: pilot supervising engineer for the concrete mix to test, identify water quality testing, sand and gravel grading tests, and other mechanical properties of steel and used nuclear density on the density of compacted earth subgrade, moisture content and other technical indicators RBI inspection . Test failed project supervision engineers will order the contractor to correct or rework. (5) acceptance inspection method. The law is a single sub-unit of highway construction projects, bridges and culverts or bridge structures a single component of a separate part of the inspection and acceptance. Supervision by the resident engineer roads, bridges and culverts supervision engineer is responsible for organizing various professional supervision engineers and contractors examination, qualified for the project confirmed the performance of visa procedures, fill in the division or sub-unit project engineering inspection checklist, a type 3, the contractor 1 to keep the archive, thus giving the issue by the supervising engineer measured monthly, quarterly list of work completed, as the owners of the original certificate of payment to the contractor experimental work. (6) issue directives law. Contractor in the construction process, if there some quality problems, the resident representative of supervising engineers will immediately issue a deadline for correction of the notice, meeting minutes, memos, presentations and other forms of prescriptive document, to draw attention to or correction of the contractor, For non-compliance with the contract and refusing to contractors, supervision engineers shall be entitled to a fine or suspension until the owner confirmed that the contractor submitted an application default, to give to cancel the contract so far. In summary, the domestic railway construction supervision companies should take drastic measures in these areas for radical reform, with minimal supervision from abroad after accession to the WTO to reduce the impact of the company, increase their own innovation efforts to continuously improve the management level to keep up with international trend.
Joining WTO, the reform of the railway construction supervision and development of the industry


Chinese papers League finishing. Abstract: In Pakistan the Indus Highway Construction Project experience WT0 after elaborated China's accession to the domestic railway construction supervision industry have been hit and the future direction of reform and development, pointed out that domestic railway construction supervision industry to adapt to the international common rule, speed and international construction contracting markets.


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