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颈椎骨折脱

 
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lin91957
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PostPosted: Wed 9:22, 09 Mar 2011    Post subject: 颈椎骨折脱

颈椎骨折脱位前方减压植骨固定术312例疗效观察
经前方减压植骨固定后,神经功能明显改善,可以行走。生活自理。4.3手术要领“4.31麻醉本组均采用局部浸润麻醉,其优点为病人保持清醒状态,以利观察手术过程中喉返神经功能及四肢感觉和运动情况。4.3.2入路采用颈前左侧斜切口,优点是显露充分,操作简便,左侧喉返神经位置低,不易损伤4.3.3颈推前纵韧带需作正中切开,并完整剥104离至颈长肌内缘。术毕尽可能将前纵韧带及骨膜紧密缝合,保持颈前光滑并防止植骨块脱出。4.3.4固定范围及减压程度根据颈椎损伤程度、有否颈髓损伤及脊髓造影和MRI等综合判定。单纯脱位或骨折税位椎体破坏不重时,固定一个推间即可。对不稳定的粉碎骨折或骨折脱位需固定上、下两个椎间或将骨折椎体大部分切除。单纯椎间不稳或间盘损伤者可行单一椎间固定。减压程度:对有明显脊髓或神经受压者,应显露至颈髓前面的硬膜,充分减压后植骨【j定对颈椎序列及骨质无改变者,应考虑到急性问盘破裂压迫脊髓,要嵌MRI的改变确定手术间隙,要切除进入椎管内婚全部破碎间盘。4.3.5应用花瓣形颅钻钻除椎骨和间盘组织比用骨凿易于控制,对脊髓震荡小。为防止骨块前后脱出,骨块修剪时要比减压空间稍大,嵌入时牵拉头部,骨块镶八以稍紧为好。以利于充分减压和骨折愈合。中国脊柱脊杂志1995年第8卷第j期4.4术后疗法术后d内,为预防喉头水肿和减轻颈髓水肿,可用氢化可的松25mg,氨荼碱250mg及庆大霉素8万单位雾化吸八,静脉滴注脱水剂和地塞米松。术后3周内以维持重量继续颅骨牵引。3个月后根据x线片所示的植骨愈合情况决定可否坐起行功能练习。这样可以避免由于过早活动引起骨块脱出或再脱位。5
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