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妊娠晚期腹

 
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lin91957
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PostPosted: Thu 9:17, 10 Mar 2011    Post subject: 妊娠晚期腹

妊娠晚期腹膜外位阑尾切除麻醉处理一例
2作者简介:李继军(1971一),男,主治医生,大学本科学历,主要从事普通外科、普胸外科方面的工作与研究。妊娠晚期腹膜外位阑尾切除麻醉处理一例杨红晓赵慧芳曾丽丽兖矿集团第三医院272072妊娠晚期阑尾炎变化快,感染难以控制,炎症发展后易致早产,危及胎儿及母体的生命安全,因此,一经诊断应尽早手术。最近,我们遇到一例妊娠晚期急性阑尾炎患者,行腰麻一硬膜外联合麻醉,取得满意效果,现报道如下。1资料患者女,25岁,妊娠29周,因右下腹痛伴恶心呕吐而人院。体检:神志清,T38.7oC,P87次/分,RR19次/分,BP114/75mmHg,右下腹压痛、反跳痛明显,血分析WBC19.6X10/L,LW85.7,诊断为急性阑尾炎,拟在腰麻一硬膜外联合麻醉下行阑尾切除术。患者人手术室后面罩吸氧(6L/min),静脉滴注复方氯化钠,取左侧卧位,先经T¨1l2硬膜外穿刺头端置管4em,再经L3一穿刺,蛛网膜下腔注人0.5重比重布比卡因12.5mg,仰卧位后于右髋垫一厚约10cm垫子,以防子宫压迫下腔静脉致仰卧位低血压综合症,并调节痛觉阻滞平面在水平以下,术中监测心率、血压、脉搏血氧饱和度。手术切口采用腹直肌外缘切口,进人腹腔,发现大网膜降人右下腹,后腹膜上附有脓苔,打开后腹膜,显露阑尾,其长约6em,直经约1.3cm,色灰暗;顺行切除阑尾,残端包埋,温生理盐水反复冲洗腹腔,查无活动性出血点,清点物品无误后逐层关腹。术中患者血压、心率比较平稳,麻醉效果满意,肌松充分,切除阑尾过程无牵拉反应。术后随访无麻醉并发症发生。2讨论阑尾的血运由阑尾动脉供给,它经由回肠末端后方行于阑尾系膜游离缘,且无侧支循环,当血运障碍时易致阑尾炎症甚至坏死。妊娠晚期盲肠被子宫推压上移,而腹膜外位阑尾上移受限,阑尾系膜被拉紧,阑尾血运供给发生障碍引起阑尾炎症甚至坏死,最终导致早产,危及胎儿及母体的生命安全,(因此,一经诊断应尽早手术。妊娠晚期阑尾切除对麻醉的要求较高,既要满足手术的需要,又要尽量避免或减少药物对胎儿的影响。我们采用腰麻一硬膜外联合麻醉,充分利用其用药量少、起效迅速、肌松充分、阻滞完善、不受手术时间长短限制等优点,既有效地抑制孕妇对手术操作刺激引起的应激反应,又减少药物对胎儿的不良影响。我们认为,腰麻一硬膜外联合麻醉在妊娠晚期阑尾切除术中优于硬膜外麻醉,值得临床探讨应用。
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