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Posted: Mon 13:07, 14 Mar 2011 Post subject: 博客中国- |
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博客中国-个人专栏文章
道德总理网上答问,针对楼价高企,他说:「房地产商身上也应该流着道德的血液。」此话在内地被广泛热议。热议的话题大致有两个:一、甚麽样的房地产商才是合乎道德标准的?二、究竟是谁不道德,才造成当今的楼市居高不下,百姓叫苦不迭?相对而言,第一个话题取得共识容易一些。市场经济下,商家在合法前提下追求利润最大化,就不能称为「不道德」。内地地产大佬潘石屹说,他理解这句话,就是作为开发商要遵守法律和政策,按章纳税,同时提高自己诚实、正直的品德,例如不偷税漏税、不做假帐、不囤积土地等。潘石屹所言,其实在暗示,有道德的房地产商需要有社会责任感。但是,指望无利不起早的商人从道德角度和社会责任出发,压缩自身利润以降低楼价,仅是一种苍白无力的说教。这好比让人面对琼浆玉液和满汉全席不动心,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],而非要选择啃咸菜喝粥,除非那人脑子不好使,否则可能吗?有人统计过,中国涉及房地产的税是十二项、费是五十项,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],税费佔房价的三成至四成。而土地出让金则佔到房价的三成到五成。税费和土地出让金相加,大致相当于百分之六十的房价。这些数字也许偏颇,但卖房收入的相当部分被政府拿走确凿无疑。由此推论,对当今楼市高企负有责任的,首当其冲的该是政府。正是政府多年来对土地财政的依赖,才导致房地产商拿地成本愈来愈高。至于国企央企如何拿着银行的贷款,哄抬出一个又一个的地王,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],大家更是心知肚明。所以,总理指摘房地产商的「道德论」,作为规劝,希望他们多尽点社会责任,未尝不可。而如果以此将楼价屡调不降的责任全推到房地产商头上,并把他们押上道德审判台,成为千夫所指的对象,则很有点找出替罪羊顶包的意味。总理承认,他没有调查过房地产商利润的构成。既如此,这话就只能理解为一种规劝和希望,也就是说说而已。倘若总理能责成属下,具体调查一下房地产商的利润构成,他很可能会改口,说「各级政府身上也应该流着道德的血液」。尤可夫
The Court of Appeal pointed out that R and F's submission in the county court was of overt, conscious racism, and it was not prepared to find that there had been unconscious discrimination.The decisionThe Court of Appeal said that, unlike the ordinary civil claim where the judge decides, on the claimant's evidence only, whether the claimant has made out a case, in this case the judge had had the benefit of the whole of the evidence. Despite the school's failure to comply with the statutory requirements, the judge had been entitled to find on the basis of all the evidence that R and F had not proved racial discrimination.
[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
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