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内镜下注射

 
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lin91957
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PostPosted: Sat 22:02, 05 Mar 2011    Post subject: 内镜下注射

内镜下注射治疗消化性溃疡并出血的临床应用评价
及操作较复杂,不易普及[21。内镜下注射止血操作简单,不需特殊仪器,止血快速有效,费用相对便,宜,可明显减少病人的费用。本文结果显示,注射治疗止血成功率明显优于内科保守治疗组,且能有效降低外科手术率。注射时应注意:穿刺不能过深,穿刺后稍回拉,尽量注射到粘膜下及部分肌层,不要注射到胃肠壁外,注射点不宜过多,每点注射量不应超过2ml,以免引起周边组织坏死或加重患者的刺激症状,诱发腹痛。胃腔内注气不宜过多,慎用解痉剂,因为出血时消化道管壁自我防御机制,管壁处于高度紧张状态有利于血液的排出,而解痉剂可扩张微小血管,可能会加重出血,且解痉剂会使血液、气体在肠管内潴留,造成腹胀腹痛症状。退镜前用生理盐水冲洗出血点,观察无出血时再退镜。徐振其[3用内镜下局部注射高渗氯化钠+利多卡因+肾上腺素液(HLE)治疗上消化道出血取得满意效果。肾上腺素可使黏膜及胃内出血血管收缩,使出血减少或停止;高渗氯化钠使出血部位形成一个高渗状态,使周围组织形成一个相对稳定环境,这一环境可延长肾上腺素作用时间,同时,高渗氯化钠可使局部组织受压肿胀,使血管壁类纤维蛋白质变性致血管狭窄或闭塞;利多卡因可减少或消除治疗后疼痛,又可增加局部高渗环境的稳定性,提高注射液疗效。我科采用加入庆大霉素的l{]_一E溶液(HLGE),预防感染,经临床观察,这种配方对消化性溃疡并出血的治愈率为95.24%。我院重复此种方法认为操作简单,安全性高,值得推广,可作为消化性溃疡并出血的首选治疗方法。射止血对较粗血管出血治疗效果欠佳,内镜治疗组有二例注射后再发出血,在以后另外的治疗观察中发现,针对粗大血管性出血注射后再予高频电凝烧灼凝固治疗,可防止再发出血。
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